How do policy-makers deal with missing price information when they apply External Price Referencing?
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
External referencing and pharmaceutical price negotiation.
External referencing (ER) imposes a price cap for pharmaceuticals, based on prices of identical or comparable products in foreign countries. Suppose a foreign country (F) negotiates prices with a pharmaceutical firm, whereas a home country (H) can either negotiate prices independently or implement ER, based on the foreign price. We show that country H prefers ER if copayments in H are relativel...
متن کاملImpact of External Price Referencing on Medicine Prices – A Price Comparison Among 14 European Countries
OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the impact of external price referencing (EPR) on on-patent medicine prices, adjusting for other factors that may affect price levels such as sales volume, exchange rates, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, total pharmaceutical expenditure (TPE), and size of the pharmaceutical industry. METHODS Price data of 14 on-patent products, in 14 European cou...
متن کاملWhen Do High-level Managers Believe They Can Influence the Stock Price? Antecedents of Stock Price Expectancy Cognitions
Stock based rewards are often used to motivate high-level managers to take actions to increase the stock price of the fi rm. However, numerous constraints may weaken the perceived link between individual effort and stock price appreciation for many recipients. This study introduces a new construct, stock price expectancy, which we defi ne as individuals’ perceptions of infl uence over their fi ...
متن کاملAn Optimising Model of Price Adjustment with Missing Information
An optimising model of price adjustment with missing information is developed where firms choose the speed of price adjustment to minimise the expected loss in disequilibrium. The loss is due to lost profits and the expected cost of failing to coordinate price changes with competitors. Assuming that a higher speed of price adjustment decreases the former and increases the latter, it is shown th...
متن کاملHow Do Hospitals Respond to Price Changes?
This paper examines hospital responses to changes in diagnosis-specific prices by exploiting a 1988 policy reform that generated large price changes for 43 percent of Medicare admissions. I find hospitals responded primarily by "upcoding" patients to diagnosis codes with the largest price increases. This response was particularly strong among for-profit hospitals. I find little evidence hospita...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: European Journal of Public Health
سال: 2016
ISSN: 1101-1262,1464-360X
DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw167.069